國際能源署（IEA）署長法提赫·比羅爾：世界面臨著比上世紀70年代石油危機“嚴重得多”的能源危機  

早在20世紀70年代，那場危機僅僅與石油有關  

整個世界，尤其是歐洲，今年可能會面臨一個汽油、燃料油和航空煤油短缺的夏天  

據美國油價網5月31日報道，國際能源署(IEA)署長比羅爾在5月31日發表的一篇采訪中對德國《明鏡》周刊記者表示，世界目前面臨的能源危機比上世紀70年代的石油危機“嚴重得多”。  

比羅爾告訴新聞媒體記者：“那時候，人們只關心石油。”“現在我們同時面臨著石油危機、天然氣危機和電力危機。”比羅爾強調表示。IEA成立于上世紀70年代阿拉伯石油禁運的沖擊之后。

當前的能源危機始于去年秋天，但沖突加劇以后讓情況變得更糟，因為市場擔心大國能源供應會中斷。

5月30日晚些時候，歐盟同意禁止從大國進口大部分石油，但管道供應暫時不受禁運影響。這將進一步收緊本已緊張的原油和石油產品市場。

比羅爾告訴《明鏡周刊》記者，整個世界，尤其是歐洲，今年可能會面臨一個汽油、燃料油和航空煤油短缺的夏天。

比羅爾補充說，由于歐洲和美國主要節日季的開始，燃料需求將會上升。  

原油流動的逆轉加劇了全球煉油廠產能的下降，導致包括美國在內的石油產品庫存偏低。全球和美國的煉油廠供應能力現在比疫情前降低了數百萬桶/天。

自疫情開始以來，美國約100萬桶/天的煉油廠產能已被永久關閉，因為煉油廠選擇要么關閉虧損的設施，要么將其中一些設施轉化為生物燃料生產基地。在全球范圍內，煉油產能也捉襟見肘，尤其是在包括美國在內的西方買家不再進口大國真空柴油(VGO)和其他將原油提煉成汽油、柴油和航空燃油所需的中間產品之后。

歐洲的燃料市場也非常緊張，而且在歐盟禁止從大國進口大部分燃料后，市場還將進一步緊張。  

李峻　編譯自　美國油價網

原文如下：

IEA: Current Energy Crisis Is “Much Bigger” Than 1970s Oil Crunch

IEA Chief Birol: The world faces a “much bigger” energy crisis than the one of the 1970s.

Back in the 1970s, the crisis was just about oil.

Birol: The world, especially Europe, could face a summer of shortages of gasoline, fuel, and jet fuel.

The world faces a “much bigger” energy crisis than the one of the 1970s, the Executive Director of the International Energy Agency (IEA), Fatih Birol, told German daily Der Spiegel in an interview published on Tuesday.

“Back then it was just about oil,” Birol told the news outlet. “Now we have an oil crisis, a gas crisis and an electricity crisis simultaneously,” said the head of the international agency created after the 1970s shock of the Arab oil embargo.

The energy crisis started in the autumn of last year, but the war made it much worse as the markets fear disruption to energy supply out ofthe world’s largest oil producer.

The EU agreed late on Monday to ban most of the imports of the world’s largest oil producer oil, leaving pipeline supply exempted from the embargo, for now. This will further tighten already tight crude and product markets.

The world, especially Europe, could face a summer of shortages of gasoline, fuel, and jet fuel, the IEA’s Birol told Der Spiegel.

Fuel demand is set to rise as the main holiday season in Europe and the United States begins, Birol added.  

Upended crude oil flows add to reduced global refinery capacity resulting in low inventories of products, including in the United States.

Refinery capacity for supply, globally and in the U.S, that is now a few million barrels per day lower than it was before the pandemic. 

Some 1 million bpd of refinery capacity in the U.S. has been shut permanently since the start of the pandemic, as refiners have opted to either close losing facilities or convert some of them into biofuel production sites. Globally, refinery capacity is also stretched thin, especially after Western buyers—including in the U.S.—are no longer importing Russian vacuum gas oil (VGO) and other intermediate products necessary for refining crude into gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. 

The fuel market is extremely tight in Europe, too, and is set to tighten further after the EU ban on most imports of the world’s largest oil producer.