據(jù)全球能源新聞網(wǎng)6月12日?qǐng)?bào)道，到2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)碳中和對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化和降低地球溫度至關(guān)重要。凈零排放的未來(lái)依賴于大規(guī)模脫碳，而這只有通過部署碳中性燃料才有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。

　　近幾十年來(lái)，可再生能源，主要是風(fēng)能，在向綠色世界轉(zhuǎn)型的過程中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用，但只有在難以實(shí)現(xiàn)電氣化的行業(yè)(如重型運(yùn)輸和重工業(yè))向凈零排放轉(zhuǎn)型的情況下，無(wú)碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的愿景才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。風(fēng)能產(chǎn)生的綠色氫氣有可能成為這些行業(yè)期待已久的、對(duì)氣候友好的解決方案，但要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，就必須盡快以成本效益和工業(yè)規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。

　　西門子Gamesa發(fā)布了一份行業(yè)白皮書《開啟綠色氫革命》（Unlocking the Green Hydrogen Revolution），概述了一項(xiàng)雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃，即到2030年從陸上風(fēng)能和2035年從海上風(fēng)能提供具有成本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的綠色氫。Siemens Gamesa呼吁采取聯(lián)合措施，鼓勵(lì)市場(chǎng)需求和規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了在未來(lái)10年內(nèi)提供低成本綠色氫的4個(gè)關(guān)鍵要求:

　　?大幅提高可再生能源的容量，因?yàn)榫G色氫革命依賴于此。到2050年，世界需要高達(dá)6000吉瓦的新可再生能源裝機(jī)容量，高于目前的2800千兆瓦，以產(chǎn)生對(duì)氫氣的預(yù)期需求（根據(jù)氫氣理事會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，為5億噸）。

　　?為綠色氫氣創(chuàng)造一個(gè)具有成本效益的需求側(cè)市場(chǎng)，以降低設(shè)備、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和日常運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。目前，綠色制氫的主要運(yùn)行成本是為電解槽供電，因此能源成本的降低了氫氣的成本并增加了需求。

　　? 開發(fā)供應(yīng)鏈，因?yàn)闆]有一家供應(yīng)商可以擁有整個(gè)生產(chǎn)和分銷流程。 目前，這些舉措是分散的，因此成本高昂，這意味著可再生能源公司、電解槽制造商、網(wǎng)絡(luò)供應(yīng)商和水處理專家需要共同努力，建立一個(gè)有彈性的供應(yīng)鏈。

　　?建立適當(dāng)?shù)奈锪鳌?chǔ)存和配送基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。需要對(duì)氫氣管道網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行投資，以釋放綠色氫氣的潛力。

　　西門子Gamesa處于風(fēng)電制氫解決方案的前沿，在能源轉(zhuǎn)型中發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用。其位于丹麥的Brande氫工廠已被丹麥能源局授予官方監(jiān)管試驗(yàn)區(qū)的地位，為開發(fā)創(chuàng)新的綠色能源解決方案提供了更自由的框架。在這里，西門子Gamesa集成了一個(gè)電池、一個(gè)渦輪機(jī)和一個(gè)電解槽，作為幾個(gè)技術(shù)途徑的試驗(yàn)臺(tái)，其中包括近期從現(xiàn)有風(fēng)能項(xiàng)目生產(chǎn)綠色氫。此外，西門子Gamesa和西門子能源宣布，他們將聯(lián)合開發(fā)一種創(chuàng)新的解決方案，將電解槽完全集成到海上風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)中，作為一個(gè)單獨(dú)的同步系統(tǒng)，直接生產(chǎn)綠色氫氣。該解決方案將能夠脫離電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行，開辟更多更好的風(fēng)力發(fā)電站，從而降低氫氣的成本。這兩家公司的開發(fā)將成為一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，使大規(guī)模、低成本的氫氣生產(chǎn)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，并將證明可靠、有效地將風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)應(yīng)用于可再生能源制氫系統(tǒng)的可行性。

　　郝芬 譯自 全球能源新聞網(wǎng)

　　原文如下：

　　SIEMENS GAMESA – UNLOCKING THE GREEN HYDROGEN REVOLUTION

　　Achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is crucial to fight climate change and reduce our earth’s temperature. A net-zero future relies on mass-decarbonization, which is only possible through the deployment of carbon-neutral fuels.

　　In recent decades, renewables, and mainly wind energy, have played a key role in the transition to a greener world, but the vision of a carbon-free economy can only be achieved if hard-to-electrify sectors, such as heavy transport and heavy industry, transition to net-zero emissions. Green hydrogen generated from wind energy has the potential to be the long-awaited, climate-friendly solution for these industries but, for this to become a reality, it needs to be produced cost-effectively and at industrial scale soon.

　　Siemens Gamesa launched an industry whitepaper, Unlocking the Green Hydrogen Revolution, that outlines an ambitious plan to deliver cost-competitive green hydrogen by 2030 from onshore wind and by 2035 from offshore wind. Siemens Gamesa calls for a joined-up approach to encouraging both market demand and scaling production, highlighting four key requirements to deliver low-cost green hydrogen within the next decade:

　　? Increase drastically the capacity of renewables because the green hydrogen revolution relies on this. The world needs up to 6,000 GW of new installed renewable energy capacity by 2050, up from 2,800 GW today to generate the expected demand for hydrogen (500 million tonnes, according to the Hydrogen Council).

　　? Create a cost-effective demand-side market for green hydrogen to drive down the costs of equipment, infrastructure and day-to-day operating costs. Currently, the main operating cost for green hydrogen production is powering the electrolyzers, so a decrease in energy costs lowers the cost of the hydrogen and increases demand.

　　? Develop the supply chain as no one provider can own the entire production and distribution process. At the moment, initiatives are fragmented, and therefore costly, meaning renewable energy companies, electrolyzer manufacturers, network providers and water treatment specialists need to work together to build a resilient supply chain.

　　? Build the right infrastructure in terms of logistics, storage and distribution. There needs to be investment in hydrogen pipeline networks to unlock the potential of green hydrogen

　　Siemens Gamesa is at the forefront of wind-to-hydrogen solutions, playing a pivotal role in the energy transition. Its Brande Hydrogen site in Denmark has been granted status as official regulatory test zone by the Danish Energy Agency, providing a freer framework to develop innovative green energy solutions. Here, Siemens Gamesa has integrated a battery, a turbine and an electrolyzer to serve as a test bed for several technology pathways, here among the production of green hydrogen in the near term from existing wind projects. In addition, Siemens Gamesa and Siemens Energy announced that they were joining forces contributing their developments to an innovative solution that fully integrates an electrolyzer into an offshore wind turbine as a single synchronized system to directly produce green hydrogen. The solution will lower the cost of hydrogen by being able to run off grid, opening up more and better wind sites. The companies’ developments will serve as a test bed for making large-scale, cost-efficient hydrogen production a reality and will prove the feasibility of reliable, effective implementation of wind turbines in systems for producing hydrogen from renewable energy.

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