據(jù)烴加工新聞4月28日消息稱(chēng)，根據(jù)美國(guó)能源情報(bào)署(EIA)的數(shù)據(jù)，2020年，阿拉斯加平均原油產(chǎn)量為44.8萬(wàn)桶/天，為1976年以來(lái)的最低水平。

　　去年的產(chǎn)量比1988年該州最高的200萬(wàn)桶/天的產(chǎn)量少了75%。在阿拉斯加石油產(chǎn)量達(dá)到峰值后的32年中，有28年的產(chǎn)量下降，因?yàn)樵撝莸挠吞镆呀?jīng)成熟。阿拉斯加2020年石油年產(chǎn)量下降4%，是美國(guó)石油產(chǎn)量更大跌幅的一部分。

　　跨阿拉斯加管道系統(tǒng)將原油從阿拉斯加的北坡運(yùn)輸?shù)桨⒗辜幽喜亢０兜耐郀柕掀潯Ｓ捎诋a(chǎn)量減少，管道輸送減少了。石油量的減少導(dǎo)致石油在管道中流動(dòng)的速度變慢，石油從北岸到瓦爾迪茲的運(yùn)輸時(shí)間從1988年的4.5天增加到2020年的26天。

　　該州的許多地區(qū)還沒(méi)有勘探石油，包括北極國(guó)家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)(ANWR)。據(jù)美國(guó)地質(zhì)調(diào)查局估計(jì)，ANWR位于該州東北部，可能擁有104億桶原油。

　　石油工業(yè)是阿拉斯加經(jīng)濟(jì)的最大貢獻(xiàn)者，盡管產(chǎn)量下降了。阿拉斯加沒(méi)有州收入或銷(xiāo)售稅，而是依賴(lài)石油和天然氣行業(yè)的收入。2020年，石油收入占該州預(yù)算的三分之二以上。雖然阿拉斯加州的收入基礎(chǔ)是石油和天然氣行業(yè)，但該州的石油產(chǎn)量只占美國(guó)所有石油產(chǎn)量的4%。

　　阿拉斯加的人均石油需求在所有州中排名第三。到2020年，阿拉斯加的石油消耗量超過(guò)了除夏威夷以外的任何一個(gè)州。石油占該州公用事業(yè)規(guī)模發(fā)電量的16%，在所有發(fā)電來(lái)源中位列第三，僅次于天然氣(38%)和水力發(fā)電(31%)。該州三分之一的家庭依靠燃料油、煤油或丙烷等石油產(chǎn)品取暖。

　　朱佳妮 摘譯自 烴加工新聞

　　原文如下：

　　Oil production in Alaska reaches lowest level in more than 40 years, reports US EIA

　　Crude oil production in Alaska averaged 448 000 bpd in 2020, the lowest level of production since 1976, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA).

　　Last year's production was over 75% less than the state’s peak production of more than 2 million bpd in 1988. Production declined in 28 of the 32 years since Alaska’s oil production peak as the state’s oilfields have matured. The 4% decrease in annual oil production in Alaska in 2020 was part of a larger decline in US oil production.

　　The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System transports crude oil from the North Slope of Alaska to Valdez on Alaska’s southern coast. Pipeline deliveries have decreased because of less production. Lower oil volumes cause oil to move more slowly in the pipeline, and the travel time for oil from the North Shore to Valdez has increased from 4.5 days in 1988 to 26 days in 2020.

　　Many areas of the state have not been explored for oil, including the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Located in the northeastern part of the state, the ANWR likely holds 10.4 billion barrels of crude oil, according to US Geological Survey estimates.

　　The oil industry is the largest contributor to Alaska’s economy despite the decline in production. Alaska has no state income or sales tax but relies instead on revenues from the oil and natural gas industry. Oil revenues supplied more than two-thirds of the state's budget in 2020. Although Alaska relies on the oil and natural gas industry for its revenue base, production in the state makes up only 4% of all oil production in the US.

　　Alaska has the third-highest petroleum demand per capita of any state. In 2020, Alaska consumed more petroleum for electricity generation than any state except Hawaii. Petroleum accounted for 16% of the state’s utility-scale generation, the third most of any generation source behind natural gas (38%) and hydroelectric power (31%). One-third of the state’s households rely on petroleum products such as fuel oil, kerosene, or propane for heating.

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