???? 據(jù)ICIS-MRC網(wǎng)站3月23日莫斯科報道，據(jù)烴加工網(wǎng)信息顯示，由于應(yīng)對全球新冠疫情導(dǎo)致旅行減少，2020年美國航空旅行大幅下降。
????據(jù)美國能源信息署(EIA)預(yù)計，到2025年，美國航空客運需求總量將恢復(fù)到2019年的水平，但航空客運燃料消耗要到2030年才會恢復(fù)到2019年的水平。提高航空旅行效率意味著增加航空旅行不一定會導(dǎo)致航空燃料消耗量的類似變化。
????旅客航空旅行的能源效率既取決于運行效率（相對于空座位，航班上有多少乘客）也取決于飛機燃油效率。根據(jù)美國運輸統(tǒng)計局(U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2019年，美國國內(nèi)航班客座率為85%和國際航班客座率為83%。2020年，這些被稱為客座率的百分比下降，由于座位供需不匹配，以及一些航空公司為了讓乘客彼此保持距離而實行的座位限制。據(jù)EIA預(yù)計，隨著航空公司調(diào)整載客能力以適應(yīng)需求，以及取消座位限制，近期客座率將會上升。
????2020年，許多飛機——主要是陳舊的飛機——在一年中的大部分時間里都沒有使用。這些飛機可能不會恢復(fù)服務(wù)，因為他們的使用年限或因為他們被轉(zhuǎn)換為專用貨機，以抵消客運飛機和貨運能力的損失。EIA預(yù)計，更新、更高效的飛機將取代這些退役和改裝飛機，進一步加速客機效率的提高。2019年，乘客旅行占美國商用飛機燃料消耗的87%，2020年占商用飛機燃料消耗的83%。
????郝芬 譯自 ICIS-MRC
????原文如下：
????U.S. jet fuel consumption fell significantly in 2020
????U.S. air travel fell significantly in 2020 because of reduced travel in response to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, said Hydrocarbonprocessing.
????The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects total U.S. passenger air travel demand will return to 2019 levels by 2025, but passenger travel jet fuel consumption will not return to 2019 levels until nearly 2030. Increasing air travel efficiency means that increasing air travel does not necessarily result in similar changes in jet fuel consumption.
????The energy efficiency of passenger air travel depends on both operational efficiency (how many passengers, as opposed to empty seats, are on a flight) as well as aircraft fuel efficiency. In 2019, 85% of the seats on domestic flights and 83% of seats on international flights were filled, according to U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics data. In 2020, those percentages—known as load factors—fell because of mismatches in seat supply and demand as well as some airlines’ seating restrictions to allow passengers to distance from each other. EIA projects that load factors will increase in the near term as airlines adjust their capacity to more closely align with demand and as they remove seating restrictions.
????In 2020, many planes—primarily older planes—went unused for much of the year. These planes may not return to service because of their age or because they were converted to dedicated freighters to offset the loss in passenger aircraft belly freight capacity. EIA projects that newer, more efficient aircraft will replace these retired and converted aircraft, further accelerating improvement in passenger aircraft efficiency. Passenger travel accounted for an estimated 87% of U.S. commercial jet fuel consumption in 2019 and 83% of commercial jet fuel consumption in 2020.
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