???? 據全球能源新聞網7月10日報道，根據國際液化天然氣進口商集團最近發布的《 LNG 行業： GI IGNL 2021 年度報告》顯示，據EI美國能源情報署(EIA)的分析師稱，2020年全球液化天然氣(LNG)交易量與2019年基本持平，日均469億立方英尺，而2019年為467億立方英尺/天。盡管新冠疫情降低了全球天然氣需求，但液化天然氣交易量仍以每年0.4%的速度增長。2015-2019年，全球液化天然氣交易增長了45%，2018年和2019年均創下了創紀錄的增長。這一增長主要是由于澳大利亞、美國和俄羅斯液化能力的增加，這三個國家在此期間占全球液化能力增長的90%以上。

????2020年，與2019年相比，只有兩個國家的液化天然氣出口量增加了——美國和澳大利亞分別增加了15億立方英尺/天和3億立方英尺/天。去年，美國啟用了幾個新的液化設備(即生產線)，即卡梅隆液化天然氣(Cameron LNG)、自由港液化天然氣(Freeport LNG)和科珀斯克里斯蒂液化天然氣液化天然氣(Corpus Christi LNG)出口設施的第三條和最后一條生產線，以及厄爾巴(Elba )島LNG出口設施的其余生產線。隨著 新冠疫情的蔓延和許多LNG消費國的封鎖，美國LNG出口在2020年的6月和7月顯著下降，但在隨后的幾個月里逐漸增加，并在 去年11月和12月連續創下歷史新高。

????2020年，澳大利亞首次超過卡塔爾成為世界上最大的液化天然氣出口國，日均出口量為102億立方英尺，較2019年增加3億立方英尺，增幅3%。與2019年相比，卡塔爾的日出口量下降1億立方英尺(降幅1%)。所有其他國家的出口要么保持不變，要么下降，與2019年相比總計下降了16億立方英尺。

????在所有液化天然氣進口區域中，2020年只有亞洲的年度液化天然氣進口量比2019年增長了11億立方英尺/天（增幅3%）。中國和印度推動了整體年度增長。2020年，中國LNG進口量增加了10億立方英尺/天，印度增加了4億立方英尺/天。在中國，液化天然氣進口量的持續增長主要得益于政府支持的減少空氣污染的煤改氣政策。在印度， 2020 年春季和夏季液化天然氣現貨價格處于歷史低位，導致更多燃料轉換，增加了在現貨基礎上采購的液化石油氣進口量。2020年日本 LNG進口量繼續下降，日均98億立方英尺,較2019年下降3億立方英尺。2020年歐洲液化天然氣進口量下降 5 %，日均107億立方英尺，但仍明顯高于2017年61億立方英尺和2018年的64億立方英尺。

????郝芬 譯自 全球能源新聞網

????原文如下:

????EIA – GLOBAL LNG TRADE REMAINED FLAT IN 2020 AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

????According to the analysts of the EIA (US Energy Information Administration) global trade in liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2020 remained essentially unchanged from 2019, averaging 46.9 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) compared with 46.7 Bcf/d in 2019, according to the recently released The LNG Industry: GIIGNL Annual Report 2021 by the International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas importers. This 0.4% annual increase in LNG trade occurred despite the COVID-19 pandemic that reduced global natural gas demand. Between 2015 and 2019, global LNG trade expanded by 45%, posting record growth in both 2018 and 2019. This expansion primarily resulted from liquefaction capacity additions in Australia, the United States, and Russia, which combined accounted for more than 90% of the global growth in liquefaction capacity during this period.

????In 2020, LNG exports increased from only two countries—the United States by 1.5 Bcf/d and Australia by 0.3 Bcf/d—compared with 2019. Last year, the United States commissioned several new liquefaction units (called trains), namely the third and final trains at Cameron LNG, Freeport LNG, and Corpus Christi LNG export facilities as well as the remaining trains at the Elba Island LNG export facility. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns in many LNG-consuming countries, U.S. LNG exports significantly declined in June and July of 2020, but they have gradually increased in the months that followed and set consecutive all-time highs in November and December 2020.

????In 2020, Australia became the world’s largest LNG exporter for the first time, overtaking Qatar, with exports averaging 10.2 Bcf/d, an increase of 0.3 Bcf/d (3%) compared with 2019. Exports from Qatar declined by 0.1 Bcf/d (1%) compared with 2019. Exports from all other countries have either remained flat or declined, amounting to a combined 1.6 Bcf/d decrease compared with 2019.

????Among all LNG-importing regions, only Asia had an increase in annual LNG imports, by 1.1 Bcf/d (3%), in 2020 compared with 2019. China and India drove the overall annual increase. China’s LNG imports increased by 1.0 Bcf/d and India by 0.4 Bcf/d in 2020. In China, continuous growth in LNG imports mainly resulted from government-supported coal-to-natural gas switching policies to reduce air pollution. In India, all-time low spot LNG prices in the spring and summer of 2020 led to more fuel switching and an increase in LNG imports procured on a spot basis. LNG imports to Japan continued to decline in 2020, averaging 9.8 Bcf/d, which was 0.3 Bcf/d less than in 2019. Europe’s LNG imports declined by 5%, averaging 10.7 Bcf/d in 2020, but remained significantly higher than the 6.1 Bcf/d in 2017 and 6.4 Bcf/d in 2018.

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