據(jù)石油世界期刊4月19日里約熱內(nèi)盧報(bào)道，國(guó)有公司墨西哥國(guó)家石油公司(Pemex)的高硫燃料油（HSFO）過(guò)剩產(chǎn)量在美國(guó)找到了一個(gè)重要出口，幫助緩解了該公司最緊迫的問(wèn)題之一。
去年，美國(guó)買(mǎi)家從墨西哥進(jìn)口了50,000桶/天的HSFO，比2019年增加了56％。據(jù)石油分析公司Vortexa稱(chēng)，量最大的地方是休斯頓燃料油終端，其進(jìn)口量為10,000桶/天。大約4000桶/日被送到雪佛龍的日產(chǎn)能34萬(wàn)桶的密西西比州帕斯卡古拉煉油廠，3000桶/日被送到佛羅里達(dá)州邁阿密游輪中心附近的雪佛龍Everglades港碼頭。根據(jù)Vortexa的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，總部位于密蘇里州圣路易斯的美國(guó)中游公司Apex Oil在2020年從墨西哥購(gòu)買(mǎi)的HSFO(約2200桶/天)幾乎是2019年的5倍，盡管今年迄今為止還沒(méi)有一桶到達(dá)其終端。
墨西哥海關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的分析顯示，2020年，墨西哥對(duì)美國(guó)的HSFO出口占墨西哥日產(chǎn)量17.6萬(wàn)桶的28%。巴拿馬、英國(guó)和馬紹爾群島去年從墨西哥收到了近5萬(wàn)桶/天的HSFO。
HSFO直到最近才被廣泛用于發(fā)電和作為航運(yùn)業(yè)的燃料。但國(guó)際海事組織(IMO)收緊了船用燃料的含硫量上限，加之對(duì)全球二氧化碳排放的環(huán)境擔(dān)憂日益加劇，已大幅削減了需求，導(dǎo)致墨西哥國(guó)家石油公司積壓了大量HSFO燃料，一直難以卸載。
2021年該問(wèn)題加劇，1月墨西哥國(guó)家石油公司的燃料油產(chǎn)量同比增長(zhǎng)84%，達(dá)到23.1萬(wàn)桶/日。國(guó)內(nèi)只有三家煉油廠— 日產(chǎn)28.5萬(wàn)桶的Minatitlan、日產(chǎn)27.5萬(wàn)桶的Cadereyta和日產(chǎn)19萬(wàn)桶的Ciudad Madero工廠— 有焦化爐，可以將HSFO加工成更高價(jià)值的產(chǎn)品。
郝芬 譯自 石油世界期刊
原文如下：
Pemex HSFO fuel oil bound to the U.S. market
State-owned Pemex's excess output of high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) has found a significant outlet in the US, helping alleviate one of the company's most pressing problems.
US buyers took in 50,000 b/d of HSFO from Mexico last year, up by 56pc from 2019. Among the most notable destinations was the Houston Fuel Oil Terminal, which took 10,000 b/d according to oil analytics firm Vortexa. Around 4,000 b/d went to Chevron's 340,000 b/d Pascagoula, Mississippi, refinery and 3,000 b/d was sent to Chevron's Port Everglades terminal near the cruise ship center of Miami, Florida. US midstream firm Apex Oil, based in St Louis, Missouri, bought almost five times as much HSFO from Mexico in 2020 — about 2,200 b/d — as in 2019, although none has arrived at its terminal so far this year, according to Vortexa.
Exports to the US accounted for 28pc of Mexico's 176,000 b/d HSFO outputin 2020, based on analysis of Mexican customs data. And Panama, the UK and the Marshall Islands between them received almost 50,000 b/d of HSFO from Mexico last year.
HSFO was until recently used widely for power generation and as fuel in the shipping industry. But tighter International Maritime Organisation (IMO) caps on the sulphur content of marine fuel and mounting environmental concerns over global CO2 emissions have slashed demand, leaving Pemex with a surplus of HSFO that it has been struggling to offload.
The problem has intensified in 2021, with Pemex's fuel oil output rising by 84pc year on year to 231,000 b/d in January. only three domestic refineries — the 285,000 b/d Minatitlan, 275,000 b/d Cadereyta, and 190,000 b/d Ciudad Madero plants — have cokers that can process HSFO into higher-value products.
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