據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)6月28日?qǐng)?bào)道，EIA報(bào)告稱(chēng)，根據(jù)實(shí)際價(jià)格計(jì)算，2022年美墨之間的能源貿(mào)易總額達(dá)到819億美元，創(chuàng)下歷史新高。美國(guó)對(duì)墨西哥的能源出口在2022年實(shí)際價(jià)格上達(dá)到558億美元，較之前的454億美元（2021年）再次創(chuàng)下歷史新高。

美國(guó)對(duì)墨西哥的原油進(jìn)口呈凈進(jìn)口狀態(tài)，但涉及石油產(chǎn)品和天然氣卻是凈出口國(guó)。2022年，美國(guó)從墨西哥進(jìn)口的原油平均為每天53.6萬(wàn)桶，同比增長(zhǎng)9%。原油進(jìn)口總價(jià)值為207億美元，同比增長(zhǎng)47%，主要是因?yàn)?022年布倫特原油平均價(jià)格為每桶103美元，而2021年為77美元。

墨西哥仍然是美國(guó)石油生產(chǎn)商最大的出口市場(chǎng)，占出口總量的近20%。2022年，美國(guó)對(duì)墨西哥的石油產(chǎn)品出口平均為每天170萬(wàn)桶，比2021年增長(zhǎng)33%，出口總值為442億美元，而2021年為335億美元。

2022年，美國(guó)對(duì)墨西哥的天然氣出口為每天57億立方英尺，比2021年的平均水平低4%，價(jià)格比2021年下降了1.5%。美墨之間的天然氣貿(mào)易主要以管道運(yùn)輸為主。

盡管兩國(guó)之間的能源貿(mào)易依然強(qiáng)勁，但近年來(lái)，包括雪佛龍公司（Chevron Corp.）和馬拉松石油公司（Marathon Petroleum Corp.）在內(nèi)的美國(guó)大型石油公司以及一大批太陽(yáng)能和風(fēng)能公司一直難以獲得在墨西哥開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)的許可。

胡耀東 譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

EIA: Energy Trade Between U.S. And Mexico Hits Record Levels

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) has reported that energy trade in 2022 between the United States and Mexico totaled $81.9 billion in real prices, an all-time high. U.S. energy exports to Mexico in real prices totaled $55.8 billion in 2022, up from the previous high of $45.4 billion in 2021, again an all-time high.

The U.S. was a net importer of crude from Mexico but a net exporter of petroleum products and natural gas. U.S. crude oil imports from Mexico averaged 536,000 barrels per day (b/d), a 9%Y/Y increase. The total value of crude imports was $20.7B, good for a 47% increase in large part due to Brent crude oil spot price averaging $103 per barrel in 2022 compared with $77/b in 2021.

Mexico continues to be the largest export market for U.S. petroleum producers, accounting for nearly 20% of exports. U.S. petroleum product exports to Mexico averaged 1.7 million b/d in 2022, a 33% increase from 2021 while the value of exports was $44.2 billion in 2022 from $33.5 billion in 2021.

U.S. natural gas exports to Mexico were 5.7 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) in 2022, which was 4% lower than the 2021 average while prices declined 1.5% from 2021. Natural gas trade between the two countries is mostly pipeline shipments.

While energy trade between the two countries remains robust, but in recent years, U.S. Big Oil companies, such as Chevron Corp. (NYSE:CVX) and Marathon Petroleum Corp. (NYSE:MPC), alongside a host of solar and wind energy companies, have struggled to obtain permits to operate in Mexico.