????通訊員 據(jù)化工網(wǎng)2月26日消息：英國(guó)商業(yè)、能源和工業(yè)戰(zhàn)略部門(mén)(BEIS)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，英國(guó)石油產(chǎn)量在2020年下降了7%，降至三年低點(diǎn)103萬(wàn)桶/天，而該國(guó)自2004年以來(lái)首次成為原油和天然氣液體的凈出口國(guó)。

????產(chǎn)量的大幅下降被業(yè)內(nèi)人士歸因于疫情對(duì)海上作業(yè)的限制，盡管在運(yùn)營(yíng)商開(kāi)始趕上第三季度的基本活動(dòng)之前，推遲維護(hù)(尤其是在上半年)使生產(chǎn)水平受到支撐。

????在總體數(shù)據(jù)中，原油產(chǎn)量下降8%，為92.9萬(wàn)桶/天，其余9.6萬(wàn)桶為天然氣凝析油。第三季度產(chǎn)量急劇下降，同比下降12％，第四季度有所回升。

????在某些情況下，石油生產(chǎn)商可能會(huì)因油價(jià)暴跌而減少產(chǎn)量，而美國(guó)生產(chǎn)商阿帕奇就因此而減產(chǎn)。

????英國(guó)石油產(chǎn)量上一次下降是在2017年，當(dāng)時(shí)達(dá)到100萬(wàn)桶/天，在過(guò)去五年里，英國(guó)石油產(chǎn)量一直處于復(fù)蘇趨勢(shì)。

????BEIS指出，去年國(guó)內(nèi)石油消費(fèi)量的急劇下降大幅降低了英國(guó)煉油廠的吞吐量，盡管價(jià)格下跌也導(dǎo)致煉油商青睞國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的原油。

????報(bào)告稱(chēng)：“原油進(jìn)口達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的低點(diǎn)，較2019年下降18％，原因是煉油廠根據(jù)需求減緩了產(chǎn)量，而市場(chǎng)暴跌也有利于本國(guó)收入。” “盡管出口也有所下降，但仍超過(guò)進(jìn)口，使英國(guó)自2004年以來(lái)首次成為初級(jí)油的凈出口國(guó)。由于煉油廠在油價(jià)較低時(shí)青睞原油，因此，成品油的進(jìn)口下降了一半以上。”

????英國(guó)約占西歐石油產(chǎn)量的三分之一，挪威的產(chǎn)量是該水平的兩倍，由于巨大的Johan Sverdrup油田于2019年投產(chǎn)，且目前處于上升趨勢(shì)。該地區(qū)是布倫特基準(zhǔn)原油的原產(chǎn)地，該基準(zhǔn)原油在世界各地的石油貿(mào)易中使用。

????馮娟 摘譯自 化工網(wǎng)

????原文如下：

????UK data: Upstream oil output plunges 7% to three-year low in 2020

????UK oil production dropped 7% to a three-year low of 1.03 million b/d in 2020, while the country was a net exporter of crude and natural gas liquids for the first time since 2004, statistics from the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, or BEIS, showed on Feb. 25.

????The sharp drop in output has been attributed by the industry to restrictions on offshore activity due to COVID-19, although postponement of maintenance particularly in the first half may have supported production levels, before operators moved to catch up on essential activity in the third quarter.

????Within the overall figure, crude oil production was down 8% at 929,000 b/d, with the remaining 96,000 b/d being NGLs. Output plunged particularly steeply in the third quarter, down 12% on the year, before picking up in the fourth quarter.

????In some cases, production may have been reduced in response to the plunge in the oil prices operators could hope to attract, with US producer Apache saying it held back production for this reason.

????UK oil output was last lower in 2017, when it hit 1 million b/d, having mostly been on a recovery trend over the last half-decade.

????BEIS noted last year's steep drop in domestic oil consumption sharply reduced throughput at UK refineries, although the drop in prices also caused refiners to favor domestically produced crude.

????"imports of crude reached record lows, down 18% on 2019, as refiners slowed production in line with demand and plummeting markets favored indigenous receipts," it said. "Whilst exports were also down, these exceeded imports, making the UK a net exporter of primary oils for the first time since 2004. imports of process oils fell by more than half as refiners favored crude while prices were low."

????The UK accounts for about a third of the oil produced in Western Europe, with Norway producing double the level, and currently on an upward trend thanks to the giant Johan Sverdrup field, which came on stream in 2019. The region is home to Brent benchmark, used in the oil trade around the world.